Wireless game controllers

ABSTRACT

A game controller arrangement includes a first control unit generating first operation data including linear acceleration sensed within a first control unit body. A second control unit generates second operation data in accordance with a direction input operation performed by a player. One of the first control unit and the second control unit includes a transmission section for wirelessly transmitting the first operation data and the second operation data to a computer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-242926 is incorporated herein by reference. This application also claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/714,862, filed Sep. 8, 2005, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in this application.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present invention relates to a game controller and a game system, and more particularly to a game controller which includes two control units connected to each other e.g. by a flexible cable or wirelessly and is operated using the two control units and a game system including the game controller.

2. Description of the Background Art

For example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-313492 (hereinafter, referred to as Patent Document 1) discloses a controller having its control units held by both hands of a player, respectively, so as to play a game.

The controller disclosed in Patent Document 1 is composed of an R unit to be held by a right hand of a player and an L unit to be held by a left hand of the player. The R unit and the L unit each has an operation button and a stick on the top surface and the side of a housing thereof. The R unit and the L unit can be physically coupled to each other so as to be used as a combined controller.

However, the controller disclosed in Patent Document 1 is constructed by simply separating a conventional game apparatus controller into right and left units. That is, although a player can place his or her right and left hands anywhere when the player holds the R and L units by his or her right and left hands, respectively, the player cannot control the controller itself with improved flexibility. For example, not only the combined controller but also the game apparatus controller separated into the right and the left units cannot realize a new operation.

SUMMARY

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel game controller and game system which realize a novel operation having enhanced flexibility by using a plurality of control units.

The following features attain the object mentioned above. The reference numerals and the like in the parentheses indicate the correspondence with the embodiment described below in order to aid in understanding the present invention and are not intended to limit, in any way, the scope of the present invention.

A first aspect is directed to a game controller (7) for transmitting operation data to a computer (30) executing a game program. The game controller comprises: a first control unit (70); a second control unit (76); and a cable (79). The cable is flexible and electrically connects between the first control unit and the second control unit. The first control unit includes a first operation data generation section (74, 701). The first operation data generation section generates first operation data in accordance with a motion of a first control unit body included in the first control unit. The second control unit includes a second operation data generation section (78). The second operation data generation section generates second operation data in accordance with a direction input operation performed by a player. One of the first control unit and the second control unit further includes a transmission section (75). The transmission section transmits the first operation data and the second operation data to the computer at a predetermined timing.

The first operation data generation section includes an image pickup section (74). The image pickup section is fixed to the first control unit body and takes an image of a periphery along a predetermined direction from the first control unit body. The first operation data generation section outputs, as the first operation data, one selected from the group consisting of an image taken by the image pickup section and a result of subjecting the image taken by the image pickup section to a predetermined calculation.

The first operation data generation section further includes a positional information calculation section (744). The positional information calculation section calculates positional information indicating a position, in the image taken by the image pickup section, of at least one marker image which is included in the taken image and is used as an imaging target, when performing the predetermined calculation, and outputs the positional information as the first operation data.

The transmission section wirelessly transmits the first operation data and the second operation data to the computer.

The first operation data generation section has one of an acceleration sensor (701) and a gyro sensor included in the first control unit body. The first operation data generation section outputs data generated by the one of the acceleration sensor and the gyro sensor as the first operation data.

The cable is detachably connected to at least the first control unit. The transmission section is included in the first control unit.

The transmission section collects and transmits to the computer the first operation data and the second operation data at intervals shorter than 1/60 second.

The second operation data generation section includes a stick (78 a) which has a tip projecting from a second control unit body included in the second control unit and is inclinable on the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with an inclining direction of the stick as the second operation data.

The second operation data generation section includes an operation button (78 f) which has operation portions representing at least four directions and which is able to be pushed into the second control unit body by the operation portions. The second operation data generation section outputs, as the second operation data, data corresponding to the operation portion at which the operation button is pushed.

The second operation data generation section includes a sliding member (78 g) which has a top surface exposed from the second control unit body and which is horizontally movable on the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with a horizontal moving direction of the sliding member as the second operation data.

The second operation data generation section includes a touch pad (78 h) on an outer surface of the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs, as the second operation data, data obtained in accordance with a position on the touch pad at which the touch pad is touched.

The second operation data generation section includes at least four operation buttons (78 i, 78 j, 78 k, 78 l) which are able to be pushed into the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with the pushed operation button as the second operation data.

A further aspect is directed to a game controller for transmitting operation data to a computer executing a game program. The game controller comprises: a first control unit; a second control unit; and a wireless connecting means. The wireless connecting means wirelessly connects between the first control unit and the second control unit. The first control unit includes a first operation data generation section. The first operation data generation section generates first operation data in accordance with a motion of a first control unit body included in the first control unit. The second control unit includes a second operation data generation section. The second operation data generation section generates second operation data in accordance with a direction input operation performed by a player. Further, one of the first control unit and the second control unit includes a transmission section. The transmission section transmits the first operation data and the second operation data to the computer at a predetermined timing.

The first operation data generation section includes an image pickup section. The image pickup section is fixed to the first control unit body and takes an image of a periphery along a predetermined direction from the first control unit body. The first operation data generation section outputs, as the first operation data, one selected from the group consisting of an image taken by the image pickup section and a result of subjecting the image taken by the image pickup section to a predetermined calculation.

The first operation data generation section further includes a positional information calculation section. The positional information calculation section calculates positional information indicating a position, in the image taken by the image pickup section, of at least one marker image which is included in the taken image and is used as an imaging target, when performing the predetermined calculation, and outputs the positional information as the first operation data.

The transmission section wirelessly transmits the first operation data and the second operation data to the computer.

The first operation data generation section has one of an acceleration sensor and a gyro sensor included in the first control unit body. The first operation data generation section outputs data generated by the one of the acceleration sensor and the gyro sensor as the first operation data.

The transmission section collects and transmits to the computer the first operation data and the second operation data at intervals shorter than 1/60 second.

The second operation data generation section includes a stick which has a tip projecting from a second control unit body included in the second control unit and is inclinable on the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with an inclining direction of the stick as the second operation data.

The second operation data generation section includes an operation button (78 f) which has operation portions representing at least four directions and which is able to be pushed into the second control unit body by the operation portions. The second operation data generation section outputs, as the second operation data, data corresponding to the operation portion at which the operation button is pushed.

The second operation data generation section includes a sliding member which has a top surface exposed from the second control unit body and which is horizontally movable on the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with a horizontal moving direction of the sliding member as the second operation data.

The second operation data generation section includes a touch pad on an outer surface of the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs, as the second operation data, data obtained in accordance with a position on the touch pad at which the touch pad is touched.

The second operation data generation section includes at least four operation buttons which are able to be pushed into the second control unit body. The second operation data generation section outputs data obtained in accordance with the pushed operation button as the second operation data.

A further aspect is directed to a game system (1) comprising a game controller and a game apparatus (3). The game controller is described in the first aspect. The game apparatus is communicably connected to the game controller and includes a computer for executing a game program to represent a virtual game world on a display screen (2). The game apparatus performs a game process in accordance with at least one of the first operation data transmitted from the first control unit and the second operation data transmitted from the second control unit.

The game apparatus causes a player character appearing in the virtual game world to perform an action in accordance with at least one of the first operation data transmitted from the game controller and the second operation data transmitted from the game controller.

A further aspect is directed to a game system comprising a game controller and a game apparatus. The game controller is as described above. The game apparatus is communicably connected to the game controller and includes a computer for executing a game program to represent a virtual game world on a display screen. The game apparatus performs a game process in accordance with at least one of the first operation data transmitted from the first control units and the second operation data transmitted from the second control unit.

The game apparatus causes a player character appearing in the virtual game world to perform an action in accordance with at least one of the first operation data transmitted from the game controller and the second operation data transmitted from the game controller.

According to the first aspect, the first control unit generates operation data in accordance with a motion of a controller body included in the game controller, and the second control unit generates operation data in accordance with a direction input operation. Thereby, when the game controller is used in a game, a player can make an input with a finger of one hand as in the case of a conventional controller while moving the other hand. That is, the player can cause his or her right and left hands to perform separate operations, thereby providing a new operation, which cannot be conventionally performed. Further, by connecting two control units to each other by a cable, the game controller requires only one transmission section for a computer.

The first control unit may generate operation data in accordance with a motion of a controller body included in the game controller, and the second control unit generates operation data in accordance with a direction input operation. Thereby, when the game controller is used in a game, a player can make an input with a finger of one hand as in the case of a conventional controller while moving the other hand. That is, the player can cause his or her right and left hands to perform respective separate operations, thereby providing a new operation, which cannot be conventionally performed. Further, two control units are completely separated from each other, thereby providing improved controllability and enabling two players to operate the game controller.

An image taken by the image pickup section fixed to the first control unit or information obtained from the taken image can be used as the operation data. For example, a direction and a position of the first control unit with respect to the imaging target can be detected, whereby a game operation can be performed in accordance with the direction and the position of the unit.

The game controller and the computer are wirelessly connected to each other, thereby providing improved controllability of the game controller.

The acceleration sensor or the gyro sensor is used as the first operation data generation section, thereby reducing cost.

According to another aspect, the cable is eliminated from the first control unit, whereby the operation data can be transmitted to the computer using only the first control unit.

Data can be collected and transmitted at intervals shorter than a typical game process cycle ( 1/60 second).

The second operation data generation section for outputting a signal in accordance with a direction input operation performed by a player can be realized by the inclinable stick, the button such as a cross key having portions to be pressed depending on a direction, the horizontally movable pad, the touch pad, the button representing each direction and the like.

Further, the game system according to the present invention can obtain the same effect as that of the aforementioned game controller.

These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an external view illustrating a game system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a game apparatus 3 shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an outer appearance of a controller 7 shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a state of a connecting cable 79 of the controller 7 shown in FIG. 3 being connected to or disconnected from a core unit 70;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the core unit 70 shown in FIG. 3 as seen from the top rear side thereof;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the core unit 70 shown in FIG. 3 as seen from the bottom rear side thereof;

FIG. 7A is a perspective view illustrating a state where an upper casing of the core unit 70 shown in FIG. 3 is removed;

FIG. 7B is a perspective view illustrating a state where a lower casing of the core unit 70 shown in FIG. 3 is removed;

FIG. 8A is a top view of a subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8B is a bottom view of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8C is a left side view of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3 as seen from the top front side thereof;

FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating an example of a first modification of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a top view illustrating an example of a second modification of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 12 is a top view illustrating an example of a third modification of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating an example of a fourth modification of the subunit 76 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of the controller 7 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a state of a game being generally controlled with the controller 7 shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 16 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the core unit 70 with a right hand as seen from the front surface side of the core unit 70;

FIG. 17 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the core unit 70 with a right hand as seen from the left side of the core unit 70;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a viewing angle of a LED module 8L, a viewing angle of a LED module 8R, and a viewing angle of an image pickup element 743;

FIG. 19 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the subunit 76 with a left hand as seen from the right side of the subunit 76; and

FIG. 20 shows an exemplary game image displayed on the monitor 2 when the game apparatus 3 executes a shooting game.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to FIG. 1, a game system 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is an external view illustrating the game system 1. In the following description, the game system 1 according to the present invention includes a stationary game apparatus.

As shown in FIG. 1, the game system 1 includes an installation type game apparatus (hereinafter, referred to simply as a “game apparatus”) 3, which is connected to a display (hereinafter, referred to as a “monitor”) 2 of a home-use television receiver or the like having a speaker 2 a via a connection cord, and a controller 7 for giving operation information to the game apparatus 3. The game apparatus 3 is connected to a receiving unit 6 via a connection terminal. The receiving unit 6 receives transmission data which is wirelessly transmitted from the controller 7. The controller 7 and the game apparatus 3 are connected to each other by wireless communication. On the game apparatus 3, an optical disc 4 as an example of an exchangeable information storage medium is detachably mounted. The game apparatus 3 includes a power ON/OFF switch, a game process reset switch, and an OPEN switch for opening a top lid of the game apparatus 3 on a top main surface of the game apparatus 3. When a player presses the OPEN switch, the lid is opened, so that the optical disc 4 can be mounted or dismounted.

Further, on the game apparatus 3, an external memory card 5 is detachably mounted when necessary. The external memory card 5 has a backup memory or the like mounted thereon for fixedly storing saved data or the like. The game apparatus 3 executes a game program or the like stored on the optical disc 4 and displays the result on the monitor 2 as a game image. The game apparatus 3 can also reproduce a state of a game played in the past using saved data stored in the external memory card 5 and display the game image on the monitor 2. A player playing with the game apparatus 3 can enjoy the game by operating the controller 7 while watching the game image displayed on the monitor 2.

The controller 7 wirelessly transmits the transmission data from a communication section 75 included therein (described later) to the game apparatus 3 connected to the receiving unit 6, using the technology of, for example, Bluetooth (registered trademark). The controller 7 has two control units, a core unit 70 and a subunit 76, connected to each other by a flexible connecting cable 79. The controller 7 is an operation means for mainly operating a player object appearing in a game space displayed on the monitor 2. The core unit 70 and the subunit 76 each includes an operation section such as a plurality of operation buttons, a key, a stick and the like. As described later in detail, the core unit 70 includes an imaging information calculation section 74 for taking an image viewed from the core unit 70. As an example of an imaging target of the imaging information calculation section 74, two LED modules 8L and 8R are provided in the vicinity of a display screen of the monitor 2. The LED modules 8L and 8R each outputs infrared light forward from the monitor 2. Although in the present embodiment the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 are connected to each other by the flexible cable, the subunit 76 may have a wireless unit, thereby eliminating the connecting cable 79. For example, the subunit 76 has a Bluetooth (registered trademark) unit as the wireless unit, whereby the subunit 76 can transmit operation data to the core unit 70.

Next, with reference to FIG. 2, a structure of the game apparatus 3 will be described. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the game apparatus 3.

As shown in FIG. 2, the game apparatus 3 includes, for example, a RISC CPU (central processing unit) 30 for executing various types of programs. The CPU 30 executes a boot program stored in a boot ROM (not shown) to, for example, initialize memories including a main memory 33, and then executes a game program stored on the optical disc 4 to perform game process or the like in accordance with the game program. The CPU 30 is connected to a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) 32, the main memory 33, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 34, and an ARAM (audio RAM) 35 via a memory controller 31. The memory controller 31 is connected to a controller I/F (interface) 36, a video I/F 37, an external memory I/F 38, an audio I/F 39, and a disc I/F 41 via a predetermined bus. The controller I/F 36, the video I/F 37, the external memory I/F 38, the audio I/F 39 and the disc I/F 41 are respectively connected to the receiving unit 6, the monitor 2, the external memory card 5, the speaker 2 a, and a disc drive 40.

The GPU 32 performs image processing based on an instruction from the CPU 30. The GPU 32 includes, for example, a semiconductor chip for performing calculation process necessary for displaying 3D graphics. The GPU 32 performs the image process using a memory dedicated for image process (not shown) and a part of the storage area of the main memory 33. The GPU 32 generates game image data and a movie to be displayed on the monitor 2 using such memories, and outputs the generated data or movie to the monitor 2 via the memory controller 31 and the video I/F 37 as necessary.

The main memory 33 is a storage area used by the CPU 30, and stores a game program or the like necessary for processing performed by the CPU 30 as necessary. For example, the main memory 33 stores a game program read from the optical disc 4 by the CPU 30, various types of data or the like. The game program, the various types of data or the like stored in the main memory 33 are executed by the CPU 30.

The DSP 34 processes sound data or the like generated by the CPU 30 during the execution of the game program. The DSP 34 is connected to the ARAM 35 for storing the sound data or the like. The ARAM 35 is used when the DSP 34 performs a predetermined process (for example, storage of the game program or sound data already read). The DSP 34 reads the sound data stored in the ARAM 35, and outputs the sound data to the speaker 2 a included in the monitor 2 via the memory controller 31 and the audio I/F 39.

The memory controller 31 comprehensively controls data transmission, and is connected to the various I/Fs described above. The controller I/F 36 includes, for example, four controller I/Fs 36 a, 36 b, 36 c and 36 d, and communicably connects the game apparatus 3 to an external device which is engageable via connectors of the controller I/Fs 36 a, 36 b, 36 c and 36 d. For example, the receiving unit 6 is engaged with such a connector and is connected to the game apparatus 3 via the controller I/F 36. As described above, the receiving unit 6 receives the transmission data from the controller 7 and outputs the transmission data to the CPU 30 via the controller I/F 36. The video I/F 37 is connected to the monitor 2. The external memory I/F 38 is connected to the external memory card 5 and is accessible to a backup memory or the like provided in the external memory card 5. The audio I/F 39 is connected to the speaker 2 a built in the monitor 2 such that the sound data read by the DSP 34 from the ARAM 35 or sound data directly outputted from the disc drive 40 can be outputted from the speaker 2 a. The disc I/F 41 is connected to the disc drive 40. The disc drive 40 reads data stored at a predetermined reading position of the optical disc 4 and outputs the data to a bus of the game apparatus 3 or the audio I/F 39.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the controller 7 will be described. FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating an outer appearance of the controller 7. FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a state of the connecting cable 79 of the controller 7 shown in FIG. 3 being connected to or disconnected from the core unit 70.

As shown in FIG. 3, the controller 7 includes the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 connected to each other by the connecting cable 79. The core unit 70 has a housing 71 including a plurality of operation sections 72. The subunit 76 has a housing 77 including a plurality of operation sections 78. The core unit 70 and the subunit 76 are connected to each other by the connecting cable 79.

As shown in FIG. 4, the connecting cable 79 has a connector 791 detachably connected to the connector 73 of the core unit 70 at one end thereof, and the connecting cable 79 is fixedly connected to the subunit 76 at the other end thereof. The connector 791 of the connecting cable 79 is engaged with the connector 73 provided at the rear surface of the core unit 70 so as to connect the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 to each other by the connecting cable 79.

With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the core unit 70 will be described. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the core unit 70 as seen from the top rear side thereof. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the core unit 70 as seen from the bottom rear side thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the core unit 70 includes the housing 71 formed by plastic molding or the like. The housing 71 has a generally parallelepiped shape extending in a longitudinal direction from front to rear. The overall size of the housing 71 is small enough to be held by one hand of an adult or even a child.

At the center of a front part of a top surface of the housing 71, a cross key 72 a is provided. The cross key 72 a is a cross-shaped four-direction push switch. The cross key 72 a includes operation portions corresponding to the four directions (front, rear, right and left) represented by arrows, which are respectively located on cross-shaped projecting portions arranged at intervals of 90 degrees. The player selects one of the front, rear, right and left directions by pressing one of the operation portions of the cross key 72 a. Through an operation on the cross key 72 a, the player can, for example, instruct a direction in which a player character or the like appearing in a virtual game world is to move or a direction in which the cursor is to move.

Although the cross key 72 a is an operation section for outputting an operation signal in accordance with the aforementioned direction input operation performed by the player, such an operation section may be provided in another form. For example, the cross key 72 a may be replaced with a composite switch including a push switch including a ring-shaped four-direction operation section and a center switch provided at the center thereof. Alternatively, the cross key 72 a may be replaced with an operation section which includes an inclinable stick projecting from the top surface of the housing 71 and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the inclining direction of the stick. Still alternatively, the cross key 72 a may be replaced with an operation section which includes a disc-shaped member horizontally slideable and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the sliding direction of the disc-shaped member. Still alternatively, the cross key 72 a may be replaced with a touch pad. Still alternatively, the cross key 72 a may be replaced with an operation section which includes switches representing at least four directions (front, rear, right and left) and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the switch pressed by the player.

Behind the cross key 72 a on the top surface of the housing 71, a plurality of operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, 72 e, 72 f and 72 g are provided. The operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, 72 e, 72 f and 72 g are each an operation section for outputting a respective operation signal assigned to the operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, 72 e, 72 f or 72 g when the player presses a head thereof. For example, the operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, and 72 d, are assigned with functions of an X button, a Y button, and a B button. Further, the operation buttons 72 e, 72 f and 72 g are assigned with functions of a select switch, a menu switch and a start switch, for example. The operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, 72 e, 72 f and 72 g are assigned with various functions in accordance with the game program executed by the game apparatus 3, but this will not be described in detail because the functions are not directly relevant to the present invention. In an exemplary arrangement shown in FIG. 5, the operation buttons 72 b, 72 c and 72 d are arranged in a line at the center in the front-rear direction on the top surface of the housing 71. The operation buttons 72 e, 72 f and 72 g are arranged in a line in the left-right direction between the operation buttons 72 b and 72 d on the top surface of the housing 71. The operation button 72 f has a top surface thereof buried in the top surface of the housing 71, so as not to be inadvertently pressed by the player.

In front of the cross key 72 a on the top surface of the housing 71, an operation button 72 h is provided. The operation button 72 h is a power switch for remote-controlling the power of the game apparatus 3 to be on or off. The operation button 72 h also has a top surface thereof buried (recessed) in the top surface of the housing 71, so as not to be inadvertently pressed by the player.

Behind the operation button 72 c on the top surface of the housing 71, a plurality of LEDs 702 are provided. The controller 7 is assigned a controller type (number) so as to be distinguishable from the other controllers 7. For example, the LEDs 702 are used for informing the player of the controller type which is currently set to controller 7 that he or she is using. Specifically, when the core unit 70 transmits the transmission data to the receiving unit 6, one of the plurality of LEDs 702 corresponding to the controller type is lit up.

On a bottom surface of the housing 71, a recessed portion is formed. As described later in detail, the recessed portion is formed at a position at which an index finger or middle finger of the player is located when the player holds the core unit 70. On a rear slope surface of the recessed portion, an operation button 72 i is provided. The operation button 72 i is an operation section acting as, for example, an A button. The operation button 72 i is used, for example, as a trigger switch in a shooting game, or for attracting attention of a player object to a predetermined object.

On a front surface of the housing 71, an image pickup element 743 included in the imaging information calculation section 74 is provided. The imaging information calculation section 74 is a system for analyzing image data taken by the core unit 70 and detecting the position of the center of gravity, the size and the like of an area having a high brightness in the image data. The imaging information calculation section 74 has, for example, a maximum sampling period of about 200 frames/sec., and therefore can trace and analyze even with a relatively fast motion of the core unit 70. The imaging information calculation section 74 will be described later in detail. On a rear surface of the housing 71, the connector 73 is provided. The connector 73 is, for example, a 32-pin edge connector, and is used for engaging and connecting the core unit 70 with the connector 791 of the connecting cable 79.

With reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B, an internal structure of the core unit 70 will be described. FIG. 7A is a perspective view illustrating a state where an upper casing (a part of the housing 71) of the core unit 70 is removed. FIG. 7B is a perspective view illustrating a state where a lower casing (a part of the housing 71) of the core unit 70 is removed. FIG. 7B is a perspective view illustrating a reverse side of a substrate 700 shown in FIG. 7A.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the substrate 700 is fixed inside the housing 71. On a top main surface of the substrate 700, the operation buttons 72 a, 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, 72 e, 72 f, 72 g and 72 h, an acceleration sensor 701, the LEDs 702, a quartz oscillator 703, a wireless module 753, an antenna 754 and the like are provided. These elements are connected to a microcomputer 751 (see FIG. 14) via lines (not shown) formed on the substrate 700 and the like. The wireless module 753 and the antenna 754 allow the core unit 70 to act as a wireless controller. The quartz oscillator 703 generates a reference clock of the microcomputer 751 described later.

As shown in FIG. 7B, at a front edge of a bottom main surface of the substrate 700, the imaging information calculation section 74 is provided. The imaging information calculation section 74 includes an infrared filter 741, a lens 742, the image pickup element 743 and an image processing circuit 744 located in this order from the front surface of the core unit 70 on the bottom main surface of the substrate 700. At a rear edge of the bottom main surface of the substrate 700, the connector 73 is attached. The operation button 72 i is attached on the bottom main surface of the substrate 700 behind the imaging information calculation section 74, and cells 705 are accommodated behind the operation button 72 i. On the bottom main surface of the substrate 700 between the cells 705 and the connector 73, a vibrator 704 is attached. The vibrator 704 may be, for example, a vibration motor or a solenoid. The core unit 70 is vibrated by an actuation of the vibrator 704, and the vibration is conveyed to the player's hand holding the core unit 70.

With reference to FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 9, the subunit 76 will be described. FIG. 8A is a top view of the subunit 76. FIG. 8B is a bottom view of the subunit 76. FIG. 8C is a left side view of the subunit 76. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the subunit 76 as seen from the top front side thereof.

As shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 9, the subunit 76 includes the housing 77 formed by, for example, plastic molding. The housing 77 extends in a longitudinal direction from front to rear, and has a streamlined solid shape including a head which is a widest portion in the subunit 76. The overall size of the subunit 76 is small enough to be held by one hand of an adult or even a child.

In the vicinity of the widest portion on the top surface of the housing 77, a stick 78 a is provided. The stick 78 a is an operation section which includes an inclinable stick projecting from the top surface of the housing 77 and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the inclining direction of the stick. For example, a player can arbitrarily designate a direction and a position by inclining a stick tip in any direction of 360 degrees, whereby the player can instruct a direction in which a player character or the like appearing in a virtual game world is to move, or can instruct a direction in which a cursor is to move.

Although the stick 78 a is an operation section for outputting an operation signal in accordance with a direction input operation performed by the player as described above, such an operation section may be provided in another form. Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 10 to 13, a first through a fifth exemplary modifications, each of which includes the subunit 76 having an operation section for outputting an operation signal in accordance with the direction input operation, will be described.

As the first exemplary modification, as shown in FIG. 10, the subunit 76 may include a cross key 78 f similar to the cross key 72 a of the core unit 70 instead of the stick 78 a. As the second exemplary modification, as shown in FIG. 11, the subunit 76 may include a slide pad 78 g which includes a disc-shaped member horizontally slideable and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the sliding direction of the disc-shaped member, instead of the stick 78 a. As the third exemplary modification, as shown in FIG. 12, the subunit 76 may include a touch pad 78 h instead of the stick 78 a. As the fourth exemplary modification, as shown in FIG. 13, the subunit 76 may include an operation section which has buttons 78 i, 78 j, 78 k, and 78 l representing at least four directions (front, rear, right and left), respectively, and outputs an operation signal in accordance with the button (78 i, 78 j, 78 k, or 78 l) pressed by a player, instead of the stick 78 a. As the fifth exemplary modification, the subunit 76 may include a composite switch including a push switch having a ring-shaped four-direction operation section and a center switch provided at the center thereof, instead of the stick 78 a.

Behind the stick 78 a on the top surface of the housing 77 and on the front surface of the housing 77, a plurality of operation buttons 78 b, 78 c, 78 d and 78 e are provided. The operation buttons 78 b, 78 c, 78 d and 78 e are each an operation section for outputting a respective operation signal assigned to the operation buttons 72 b, 72 c, 72 d, and 72 e when the player presses a head thereof. For example, the operation buttons 78 b, 78 c, 78 d and 78 e are assigned with functions of an X button, a Y button and the like. The operation buttons 78 b, 78 c, 78 d and 78 e are assigned with various functions in accordance with the game program executed by the game apparatus 3, but this will not be described in detail because the functions are not directly relevant to the present invention. In the exemplary arrangement shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 9, the operation buttons 78 b and 78 c are arranged in a line at the center in the left-right direction on the top surface of the housing 77. The operation buttons 78 d and 78 e are arranged in a line in the front-rear direction on the front surface of the housing 77.

Next, with reference to FIG. 14, an internal structure of the controller 7 will be described. FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of the controller 7.

As shown in FIG. 14, the core unit 70 includes the communication section 75 and the acceleration sensor 701 in addition to the aforementioned operation section 72 and the imaging information calculation section 74.

The imaging information calculation section 74 includes the infrared filter 741, the lens 742, the image pickup element 743 and the image processing circuit 744. The infrared filter 741 allows only infrared light to pass therethrough, among light incident on the front surface of the core unit 70. The lens 742 collects the infrared light which has passed through the infrared filter 741 and outputs the infrared light to the image pickup element 743. The image pickup element 743 is a solid-state imaging device such as, for example, a CMOS sensor or a CCD. The image pickup element 743 takes an image of the infrared light collected by the lens 742. Accordingly, the image pickup element 743 takes an image of only the infrared light which has passed through the infrared filter 741 and generates image data. The image data generated by the image pickup element 743 is processed by the image processing circuit 744. Specifically, the image processing circuit 744 processes the image data obtained from the image pickup element 743, identifies a spot thereof having a high brightness, and outputs process result data representing the identified position coordinates and size of the area to the communication section 75. The imaging information calculation section 74 is fixed to the housing 71 of the core unit 70. The imaging direction of the imaging information calculation section 74 can be changed by changing the direction of the housing 71. The housing 71 is connected to the subunit 76 by the flexible connecting cable 79, and therefore the imaging direction of the imaging information calculation section 74 is not changed by changing the direction and position of the subunit 76. As described later in detail, a signal can be obtained in accordance with the position of the core unit 70 based on the process result data outputted by the imaging information calculation section 74.

The core unit 70 preferably includes a three-axis, linear acceleration sensor 701 that detects linear acceleration in three directions, i.e., the up/down direction, the left/right direction, and the forward/backward direction. Alternatively, a two axis linear accelerometer that only detects linear acceleration along each of the up/down and left/right directions (or other pair of directions) may be used in another embodiment depending on the type of control signals desired. As a non-limiting example, the three-axis or two-axis linear accelerometer 701 may be of the type available from Analog Devices, Inc. or STMicroelectronics N.V. Preferably, the acceleration sensor 701 is an electrostatic capacitance or capacitance-coupling type that is based on silicon micro-machined MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology. However, any other suitable accelerometer technology (e.g., piezoelectric type or piezoresistance type) now existing or later developed may be used to provide the three-axis or two-axis acceleration sensor 701.

As one skilled in the art understands, linear accelerometers, as used in acceleration sensor 701, are only capable of detecting acceleration along a straight line corresponding to each axis of the acceleration sensor. In other words, the direct output of the acceleration sensor 701 is limited to signals indicative of linear acceleration (static or dynamic) along each of the two or three axes thereof. As a result, the acceleration sensor 701 cannot directly detect movement along a non-linear (e.g. arcuate) path, rotation, rotational movement, angular displacement, tilt, position, attitude or any other physical characteristic.

However, through additional processing of the linear acceleration signals output from the acceleration sensor 701, additional information relating to the core unit 70 can be inferred or calculated, as one skilled in the art will readily understand from the description herein. For example, by detecting static, linear acceleration (i.e., gravity), the linear acceleration output of the acceleration sensor 701 can be used to infer tilt of the object relative to the gravity vector by correlating tilt angles with detected linear acceleration. In this way, the acceleration sensor 701 can be used in combination with the micro-computer 751 (or another processor) to determine tilt, attitude or position of the core unit 70. Similarly, various movements and/or positions of the core unit 70 can be calculated or inferred through processing of the linear acceleration signals generated by the acceleration sensor 701 when the core unit 70 containing the acceleration sensor 701 is subjected to dynamic accelerations by, for example, the hand of a user, as explained herein. In another embodiment, the acceleration sensor 701 may include an embedded signal processor or other type of dedicated processor for performing any desired processing of the acceleration signals output from the accelerometers therein prior to outputting signals to micro-computer 751. For example, the embedded or dedicated processor could convert the detected acceleration signal to a corresponding tilt angle when the acceleration sensor is intended to detect static acceleration (i.e., gravity). Data representing the acceleration detected by the acceleration sensor 701 is outputted to the communication section 75.

In another exemplary embodiment, the acceleration sensor 701 may be replaced with a gyro-sensor of any suitable technology incorporating, for example, a rotating or vibrating element. Exemplary MEMS gyro-sensors that may be used in this embodiment are available from Analog Devices, Inc. Unlike the linear acceleration sensor 701, a gyro-sensor is capable of directly detecting rotation (or angular rate) around an axis defined by the gyroscopic element (or elements) therein. Thus, due to the fundamental differences between a gyro-sensor and an linear acceleration sensor, corresponding changes need to be made to the processing operations that are performed on the output signals from these devices depending on which device is selected for a particular application.

More specifically, when a tilt or inclination is calculated using a gyroscope instead of the acceleration sensor, significant changes are necessary. Specifically, when using a gyro-sensor, the value of inclination is initialized at the start of detection. Then, data on the angular velocity which is output from the gyroscope is integrated. Next, a change amount in inclination from the value of inclination previously initialized is calculated. In this case, the calculated inclination corresponds to an angle. In contrast, when an acceleration sensor is used, the inclination is calculated by comparing the value of the acceleration of gravity of each axial component with a predetermined reference. Therefore, the calculated inclination can be represented as a vector. Thus, without initialization, an absolute direction can be determined with an accelerometer. The type of the value calculated as an inclination is also very different between a gyroscope and an accelerometer; i.e., the value is an angle when a gyroscope is used and is a vector when an accelerometer is used. Therefore, when a gyroscope is used instead of an acceleration sensor or vice versa, data on inclination also needs to be processed by a predetermined conversion that takes into account the fundamental differences between these two devices. Due to the fact that the nature of gyroscopes is known to one skilled in the art, as well as the fundamental differences between linear accelerometers and gyroscopes, further details are not provided herein so as not to obscure the remainder of the disclosure. While gyro-sensors provide certain advantages due to their ability to directly detect rotation, linear acceleration sensors are generally more cost effective when used in connection with the controller applications described herein.

The communication section 75 includes the microcomputer 751, a memory 752, the wireless module 753 and the antenna 754. The microcomputer 751 controls the wireless module 753 for wirelessly transmitting the transmission data while using the memory 752 as a storage area during the process.

Data from the core unit 70 including an operation signal (core key data) from the operation section 72, acceleration signals (acceleration data) from the acceleration sensor 701, and the process result data from the imaging information calculation section 74 are outputted to the microcomputer 751. An operation signal (sub key data) from the operation section 78 of the subunit 76 is outputted to the microcomputer 751 via the connecting cable 79. The microcomputer 751 temporarily stores the input data (core key data, sub key data, acceleration data, and process result data) in the memory 752 as the transmission data which is to be transmitted to the receiving unit 6. The wireless transmission from the communication section 75 to the receiving unit 6 is performed periodically at a predetermined time interval. Since game processing is generally performed at a cycle of 1/60 sec., data needs to be collected and transmitted at a cycle of a shorter time period. Specifically, the game process unit is 16.7 ms ( 1/60 sec.), and the transmission interval of the communication section 75 structured using the Bluetooth (registered trademark) technology is 5 ms. At the transmission timing to the receiving unit 6, the microcomputer 751 outputs the transmission data stored in the memory 752 as a series of operation information to the wireless module 753. The wireless module 753 uses, for example, the Bluetooth (registered trademark) technology to modulate the operation information onto a carrier wave of a predetermined frequency, and radiates the low power radio wave signal from the antenna 754. Thus, the core key data from the operation section 72 included in the core unit 70, the sub key data from the operation section 78 included in the subunit 76, acceleration data from the acceleration sensor 701, and the process result data from the imaging information calculation section 74 are modulated onto the low power radio wave signal by the wireless module 753 and radiated from the core unit 70. The receiving unit 6 of the game apparatus 3 receives the low power radio wave signal, and the game apparatus 3 demodulates or decodes the low power radio wave signal to obtain the series of operation information (the core key data, the sub key data, the acceleration data, and the process result data). Based on the obtained operation information and the game program, the CPU 30 of the game apparatus 3 performs the game process. In the case where the communication section 75 is structured using the Bluetooth (registered trademark) technology, the communication section 75 can have a function of receiving transmission data which is wirelessly transmitted from other devices. The acceleration data and/or process result data are included in first operation data and the sub key data is included in the second operation data.

As shown in FIG. 15, in order to play a game using the controller 7 with the game system 1, a player holds the core unit 70 with one hand (for example, a right hand) (see FIGS. 16 and 17), and holds the subunit 76 with the other hand (for example, a left hand) (see FIG. 19). The player holds the core unit 70 so as to point the front surface of the core unit 70 (that is, a side having an entrance through which light is incident on the imaging information calculation section 74 taking an image of the light) to the monitor 2. On the other hand, two LED modules 8L and 8R are provided in the vicinity of the display screen of the monitor 2. The LED modules 8L and 8R each outputs infrared light forward from the monitor 2.

When a player holds the core unit 70 so as to point the front surface thereof to the monitor 2, infrared lights outputted by the two LED modules 8L and 8R are incident on the imaging information calculation section 74. The image pickup element 743 takes images of the infrared lights incident through the infrared filter 741 and the lens 742, and the image processing circuit 744 processes the taken images. The imaging information calculation section 74 detects infrared components outputted by the LED modules 8L and 8R so as to obtain positions and area information of the LED modules 8L and 8R. Specifically, the imaging information calculation section 74 analyzes image data taken by the image pickup element 743, eliminates images which do not represent the infrared lights outputted by the LED modules 8L and 8R from the area information, and identifies points each having a high brightness as positions of the LED modules 8L and 8R. The imaging information calculation section 74 obtains positions coordinates, coordinates of the center of gravity, and the like of each of the identified points having the high brightness and outputs the same as the process result data. When such process result data is transmitted to the game apparatus 3, the game apparatus 3 can obtain, based on the position coordinates and the coordinates of the center of gravity, operation signals relating to the motion, posture, position and the like of the imaging information calculation section 74, that is, the core unit 70, with respect to the LED modules 8L and 8R. Specifically, the position having a high brightness in the image obtained through the communication section 75 is changed in accordance with the motion of the core unit 70, and therefore a direction input or coordinate input is performed in accordance with the position having the high brightness being changed, thereby enabling a direction input or a coordinate input to be performed along the moving direction of the core unit 70.

Thus, the imaging information calculation section 74 of the core unit 70 takes images of stationary markers (infrared lights from the two LED modules 8L and 8R in the present embodiment), and therefore the game apparatus 3 can use the process result data relating to the motion, posture, position and the like of the core unit 70 in the game process, whereby an operation input, which is different from an input made by pressing an operation button or using an operation key, is further intuitively performed. As described above, since the markers are provided in the vicinity of the display screen of the monitor 2, the motion, posture, position and the like of the core unit 70 with respect to the display screen of the monitor 2 can be easily calculated based on positions from the markers. That is, the process result data used for obtaining the motion, posture, position and the like of the core unit 70 can be used as operation input immediately applied to the display screen of the monitor 2.

With reference to FIGS. 16 and 17, a state of a player holding the core unit 70 with one hand will be described. FIG. 16 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the core unit 70 with a right hand as seen from the front surface side of the core unit 70. FIG. 17 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the core unit 70 with a right hand as seen from the left side of the core unit 70.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the overall size of the core unit 70 is small enough to be held by one hand of an adult or even a child. When the player puts a thumb on the top surface of the core unit 70 (for example, near the cross key 72 a), and puts an index finger in the recessed portion on the bottom surface of the core unit 70 (for example, near the operation button 72 i), the light entrance of the imaging information calculation section 74 on the front surface of the core unit 70 is exposed forward to the player. It should be understood that also when the player holds the core unit 70 with a left hand, the holding state is the same as that described for the right hand.

Thus, the core unit 70 allows a player to easily operate the operation section 72 such as the cross key 72 a or the operation button 72 i while holding the core unit 70 with one hand. Further, when the player holds the core unit 70 with one hand, the light entrance of the imaging information calculation section 74 on the front surface of the core unit 70 is exposed, whereby the light entrance can easily receive infrared lights from the aforementioned two LED modules 8L and 8R. That is, the player can hold the core unit 70 with one hand without preventing the imaging information calculation section 74 from functioning. That is, when the player moves his or her hand holding the core unit 70 with respect to the display screen, the core unit 70 can further perform an operation input enabling a motion of the player's hand to directly act on the display screen.

As shown in FIG. 18, the LED modules 8L and 8R each has a viewing angle θ1. The image pickup element 743 has a viewing angle θ2. For example, the viewing angle θ1 of the LED modules 8L and 8R is 34 degrees (half-value angle), and the viewing angle θ2 of the image pickup element 743 is 41 degrees. When both the LED modules 8L and 8R are in the viewing angle θ2 of the image pickup element 743, and the image pickup element 743 is in the viewing angle θ1 of the LED module 8L and the viewing angle θ1 of the LED module 8R, the game apparatus 3 determines a position of the core unit 70 using positional information relating to the point having high brightness of the two LED modules 8L and 8R.

When either the LED module 8L or LED module 8R is in the viewing angle θ2 of the image pickup element 743, or when the image pickup element 743 is in either the viewing angle θ1 of the LED module 8L or the viewing angle θ1 of the LED module 8R, the game apparatus 3 determines a position of the core unit 70 using the positional information relating to the point having high brightness of the LED module 8L or the LED module 8R.

Next, with reference to FIG. 19, a state of a player holding the subunit 76 with one hand will be described. FIG. 19 shows an exemplary state of a player holding the subunit 76 with a left hand as seen from the right side of the subunit 76.

As shown in FIG. 19, the overall size of the subunit 76 is small enough to be held by one hand of an adult or even a child. For example, a player can put a thumb on the top surface of the subunit 76 (for example, near the stick 78 a), put an index finger on the front surface of the subunit 76 (for example, near the operation buttons 78 d and 78 e), and put a middle finger, a ring finger and a little finger on the bottom surface of the subunit 76 so as to hold the subunit 76. It should be understood that also when the player holds the subunit 76 with a right hand, the holding state is similar to that described for the left hand. Thus, the subunit 76 allows the player to easily operate the operation section 78 such as the stick 78 a and the operation buttons 78 d and 78 e while holding the subunit 76 with one hand.

Here, an exemplary game played using the aforementioned controller 7 will be described. As a first example, a shooting game played using the controller 7 will be described. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary game image displayed on the monitor 2 when the game apparatus 3 executes the shooting game.

As shown in FIG. 20, a portion of a three-dimensional virtual game space S is displayed on the display screen of the monitor 2. As a game object acting in accordance with an operation of the controller 7, a portion of the player character P and a portion of a gun G held by the player character P are displayed on the display screen. Moreover, the virtual game space S displayed on the display screen represents a field of front vision of the player character P, and for example an opponent character E is displayed as a shooting target in FIG. 20. A target indicating a position at which the player character P shoots the gun G is displayed on the display screen as the target cursor T.

In the shooting game having such a game image displayed on the monitor 2, a player operates the core unit 70 with one hand and operates the subunit 76 with the other hand as shown in FIG. 15 so as to play the game. For example, when the player inclines the stick 78 a (see FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 9) on the subunit 76, the player character P is moved in the virtual game space S in accordance with the inclining direction. Further, when the player moves his or her hand holding the core unit 70 with respect to the display screen, the target cursor T is moved in accordance with the motion, posture, position and the like of the core unit 70 with respect to the monitor 2 (LED modules 8L and 8R). When the player presses the operation button 72 i (shown in FIG. 6) on the core unit 70, the player character P shoots the gun G at the target cursor T.

That is, while the player uses the stick 78 a on the subunit 76 so as to instruct the player character P to move, the player can operate the core unit 70 as if the core unit 70 is a gun for the shooting game, thereby enhancing enjoyment in playing a shooting game. The player can perform an operation of moving the player character P and an operation of moving the target cursor T by using respective units held by different hands, whereby the player can perform the respective operations as independent ones. For example, since the virtual game space S displayed on the display screen is changed in accordance with the movement of the player character P, it is sometimes difficult to keep the target positioned near a position observed by the player in the virtual game space S because, for example, the player may be paying attention to the opponent character E suddenly jumping into the virtual game space S. However, while the player is moving the player character P with one hand (for example, a thumb of a left hand), the player can control a motion of the arm (for example, a right arm) which is not used for moving the player character P such that the core unit 70 has its front surface pointed to the observed position, thereby substantially enhancing flexibility for operating the controller 7 and increasing the reality of the shooting game. Further, in order to move the target cursor T, the player moves the controller. However, the operation of moving the controller does not hinder the player from performing a direction instruction operation for moving the player character P, thereby enabling the player to stably perform the two direction instruction operations. That is, by using the controller 7, the player can freely use his or her left and right hands and can perform a new operation having increased flexibility, which cannot be achieved using a physically single controller.

In a second example, a player inclines the stick 78 a on the subunit 76 so as to move the player character P in the virtual game space S in accordance with the inclining direction as in the first example. The player moves a hand holding the core unit 70 with respect to the display screen so as to move a sight point of a virtual camera in accordance with a position of the core unit 70 with respect to the monitor 2 (LED modules 8L and 8R). These operations allow the player to observe a position to which the core unit 70 is pointed in the virtual game space S while operating the stick 78 a on the subunit 76 so as to instruct the player character P to move.

In the above description, the controller 7 and the game apparatus 3 are connected to each other by wireless communication. However, the controller 7 and the game apparatus 3 may be electrically connected to each other by a cable. In this case, the cable connected to the core unit 70 is connected to a connection terminal of the game apparatus 3.

Moreover, in the present embodiment, only the core unit 70 among the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 of the controller 7 has the communication section 75. However, the subunit 76 may have the communication section for wirelessly transmitting the transmission data to the receiving unit 6. Further, both the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 may have the respective communication sections. For example, the respective communication sections included in the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 may wirelessly transmit the transmission data to the receiving unit 6, or the communication section of the subunit 76 may wirelessly transmit the transmission data to the communication section 75 of the core unit 70, and the communication section 75 of the core unit 70 may wirelessly transmit, to the receiving unit 6, the received transmission data from the subunit 76 and the transmission data of the core unit 70. In these cases, the connecting cable 79 for electrically connecting between the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 can be eliminated.

In the above description, the receiving unit 6 connected to the connection terminal of the game apparatus 3 is used as a receiving means for receiving transmission data which is wirelessly transmitted from the controller 7. Alternatively, the receiving means may be a receiving module built in the game apparatus 3. In this case, the transmission data received by the receiving module is outputted to the CPU 30 via a predetermined bus.

Although in the present embodiment the imaging information calculation section 74 included in the core unit 70 is described as an example of a determining section for outputting a signal (process result data) in accordance with a motion of the core unit 70 body, the imaging information calculation section 74 may be provided in another form. For example, the core unit 70 may include the acceleration sensor 701 as described above, or may include a gyro sensor. The acceleration sensor or the gyro sensor can be used to determine a motion or posture of the core unit 70, and, therefore, can be used as a determining section for outputting a signal in accordance with the motion of the core unit 70 body using the detection signal for the motion or posture. In this case, the imaging information calculation section 74 may be eliminated from the core unit 70, or sensor and the imaging information calculation section can be used in combination.

Further, although in the present embodiment only the core unit 70 includes the imaging information calculation section 74, the subunit 76 may also include a similar imaging information calculation section.

In the present embodiment, image data taken by the image pickup element 743 is analyzed so as to obtain position coordinates and the like of an image of infrared lights from the LED modules 8L and 8R, and the core unit 70 generates process result data from the obtained coordinates and the like and transmits the process result data to the game apparatus 3. However, the core unit 70 may transmit data obtained in another process step to the game apparatus 3. For example, the core unit 70 transmits to the game apparatus 3 image data taken by the image pickup element 743, and the CPU 30 may perform the aforementioned analysis so as to obtain process result data. In this case, the image processing circuit 744 can be eliminated from the core unit 70. Alternatively, the core unit 70 may transmit, to the game apparatus 3, the image data having been analyzed halfway. For example, the core unit 70 transmits to the game apparatus 3 data indicating a brightness, a position, an area size and the like obtained from the image data, and the CPU 30 may perform the remaining analysis so as to obtain process result data.

Although in the present embodiment infrared lights from the two LED modules 8L and 8R are used as imaging targets of the imaging information calculation section 74 in the core unit 70, the imaging target is not restricted thereto. For example, infrared light from one LED module or infrared lights from at least three LED modules provided in the vicinity of the monitor 2 may be used as the imaging target of the imaging information calculation section 74. Alternatively, the display screen of the monitor 2 or another emitter (room light or the like) can be used as the imaging target of the imaging information calculation section 74. When the position of the core unit 70 with respect to the display screen is calculated based on the positional relationship between the imaging target and the display screen of the monitor 2, various emitters can be used as the imaging target of the imaging information calculation section 74.

The aforementioned shapes of the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 are merely examples. Further, the shape, the number, setting position and the like of each of the operation section 72 of the core unit 70 and the operation section 78 of the subunit 76 are merely examples. Needless to say, even when the shape, the number, the setting position and the like of each of the core unit 70, the subunit 76, the operation section 72, and the operation section 78 are different from those described in the embodiment, the present invention can be realized. Further, the imaging information calculation section 74 (light entrance of the imaging information calculation section 74) of the core unit 70 may not be positioned on the front surface of the housing 71. The imaging information calculation section 74 may be provided on another surface at which light can be received from the exterior of the housing 71.

Thus, the controller of the present invention allows a player to operate both the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 included therein so as to enjoy a game. The core unit 70 has a function of outputting a signal in accordance with motion of the unit body including the imaging information calculation section 74 and the accelerator sensor 701. The subunit 76 has a function of outputting a signal in accordance with a direction input operation performed by the player. For example, when used is a controller into which the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 are integrated, the whole controller has to be moved so as to output a signal in accordance with the motion of the unit body, thereby exerting some influence on the direction input operation. Further, the integration of the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 causes the opposite influence, that is, flexibility, which is realized by separation between the core unit 70 and the subunit 76, is substantially reduced. Therefore, the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 can be separated into a right unit and a left unit as in the case of a conventional controller for the game apparatus, and simultaneously the core unit 70 and the subunit 76 allow the player to freely use his or her right and left hands, thereby providing the player with new operation, which cannot be anticipated by the integrated controller. Further, the controller can be operated with substantially enhanced flexibility, thereby providing a player with a game operation having increased reality.

The game controller and the game system according to the present invention can realize an operation having increased flexibility, and are useful as a game controller which includes two independent units and is operated by a player holding the two independent units, a game system including the game controller, and the like.

While the invention has been described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is understood that numerous other modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A game controller arrangement operable by at least one human player, the game controller arrangement comprising first and second control units, one of the first and second control units, in use, sending operating data obtained from the first control unit and the second control unit to a video game console providing video game play, the game controller arrangement comprising: a first control unit structured to be held in the air by and operated by a first hand, said first control unit including a first control unit body having disposed therein a sensor comprising a linear acceleration sensing arrangement that detects linear acceleration or a gyro-sensor that detects angular rate of rotation; a second control unit structured to be held in the air by and operated by a second hand, said second control unit including an imaging section that detects plural infrared markers and obtains marker coordinate related information therefrom, said second control unit further including at least one digit-operated control; and a wireless connection that wirelessly connects the first control unit with the second control unit, wherein the first control unit further includes a first operating data generator coupled to said sensor that provides first operating data sensed by said sensor, said first operating data in use controlling at least a first aspect of game play provided by said video game console; the second control unit further includes a second operating data generator coupled to said imaging section that generates second operating data in response to the imaging section and position of the at least one digit-operated control, said second operating data in use controlling at least a second aspect of game play provided by said video game console; and one of the first and second control units further includes a wireless transceiver for wirelessly transmitting the first operating data from the first control unit and the second operating data from the second control unit wirelessly to the video game console to thereby at least in part control said video game play.
 2. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the imaging section includes an image pickup sensor that senses an image along a predetermined direction, and outputs, as the second operating data, data including marker image position coordinate data that is a result of subjecting an image sensed by the image pickup sensor to a predetermined calculation.
 3. The game controller arrangement according to claim 2, wherein the second operating data generator further includes a coordinate information calculator calculating coordinate information indicating positional coordinates, in the image sensed by the image pickup sensor, of at least one marker image which is included in the sensed image and is used as an imaging target, when performing the predetermined calculation, and outputting said marker image positional coordinates as the second operating data.
 4. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the sensor senses linear acceleration operating data, the imaging section provides marker image positional coordinate operating data, and the transceiver transmits to the video game player the linear acceleration operating data and the marker image positional coordinate operating data continually at intervals shorter than 1/60 second.
 5. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second control unit comprises a second control unit body, and the second control unit digit operated control includes a thumb-operable stick which has a tip projecting from the second control unit body and is inclinable relative to second control unit body, and outputs data obtained in accordance with an inclining direction of the thumb-operable stick for wireless transmission to the video game console.
 6. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second control unit comprises a second control unit body and the second control unit digit-operated control includes an operation button which has operation portions representing at least four directions and which is able to be pushed by a thumb into the second control unit body by the operation portions, and outputs, as the second operating data for wireless transmission to the video game console, data corresponding to the operation portion at which the operation button is pushed.
 7. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second control unit has a body and the second operating data generator includes a sliding member which has a top surface exposed from the second control unit body and which is horizontally movable on the second control unit body, and outputs data obtained in accordance with a horizontal moving direction of the sliding member as the second operating data for wireless transmission to the video game console.
 8. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second control unit has a body and the second operating data generator includes a touch pad on an outer surface of the second control unit body and outputs, as the second operating data for wireless transmission to the video game console, data obtained in accordance with a position on the touch pad at which the touch pad is touched.
 9. The game controller arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the second control unit has a body and the second operating data generator includes at least four operation buttons which are able to be pushed into the second control unit body, and outputs data obtained in accordance with the pushed operation button as the second operating data for wireless transmission to the video game console.
 10. A game system comprising the game controller arrangement according to claim 1, and wherein said video game console is wirelessly connected to the game controller arrangement and includes a computer for executing a game program to represent a virtual game world on a display screen, wherein the video game console provides animated game play including the first aspect controlled by the first operating data from the first control unit and the second aspect controlled by the second operating data from the second control unit.
 11. The game system according to claim 10, wherein the video game console causes a player character appearing in the virtual game world to perform a first action in accordance with the first operating data and causes the player character appearing in the virtual game world to perform a second action in accordance with the second operating data.
 12. For use with a video game playing system comprising (a) a video game console providing video game play and (b) a remote controller configured to be held in the air and operated by a first hand and including an image sensor that detects plural infrared markers disposed in the vicinity of a display screen and obtains marker image position coordinates therefrom and a three-axis linear acceleration sensor that detects linear acceleration to generate first data and wirelessly transmits said first data to the video game console, a further controller comprising: a housing structured to be held in a second hand; a thumbstick disposed on said housing, said thumbstick generating inclination data in response to inclination of said thumbstick by a thumb of said second hand relative to said housing; at least one button disposed on said housing, said button generating button data in response to depression of said button by a finger of said second hand; a further sensor disposed within said housing, said further sensor used to generate posture representing data related to posture of said housing; and a wireless transmitter operatively coupled to said thumbstick, said at least one button and said further sensor, said wireless transmitter configured for sending said thumbstick inclination data, said button data and said posture representing data over the air through said remote controller to said video game console, said remote controller and further controller cooperating to, in use, control a first aspect of video game play provided by said video game console by operating said remote controller with the first hand and controlling an additional aspect of said video game play by operating said further controller with the second hand, wherein said remote controller is configured to, in use, send said further controller's thumbstick inclination data, button data and posture representing data, and to also send said detected linear acceleration and said marker image position coordinates, over the air to said video game console.
 13. The video game playing system of claim 12 wherein said further controller is configured so that said remote controller can optionally connect to said further controller.
 14. A video game accessory controller wherein at least a first aspect of video game play is, in use, controlled by said accessory controller and at least a second aspect of said video game play is, in use, controlled by another handheld controller, and said accessory controller is configured to communicate with a video game console through said another handheld controller, said video game accessory controller comprising: a housing structured to be held in the air and operated by a single hand of a video game player; a joystick disposed on and projecting from said housing, said joystick generating inclination data in response to manual inclination thereof relative to said housing by a digit of said single hand; at least one button disposed on said housing, said button generating button data in response to depression thereof; a sensor disposed within said housing, said sensor generating data relating to attitude of said housing; and a wireless transceiver operatively coupled to said joystick, said at least one button and said sensor, said wireless transceiver sending said joystick inclination data, said button data and said sensor data over the air to another handheld controller held in the air and operated by a further hand for said another handheld controller to send to a video game console providing video game play.
 15. The accessory controller of claim 14 wherein the sensor comprises an image sensor.
 16. The accessory controller of claim 14 wherein wireless communication between said accessory controller and said another handheld controller is two-way.
 17. For use with a video game console providing video game play and having a remote game controller for being held in the air and operated by a first hand, a further game controller for being held in the air and operated by a second hand, said further game controller comprising: a housing dimensioned and structured to be held in the air and operated by the second hand, said housing comprising a tapered curved upper surface terminating in a forward surface and further comprising a lower surface having a concavity defined therein, a joystick disposed on said housing upper surface, said joystick generating inclination data in response to detected inclination thereof relative to said upper surface by a digit of said second hand; at least one button disposed on said housing forward surface, said button generating button data in response to depression thereof by a digit of said second hand; a further sensor disposed within said housing, said further sensor generating further data related to the posture or attitude of said housing; and a wireless communications device responsive to said joystick, said at least one button and said further sensor, said wireless communications device being configured to, in use, send said joystick inclination data, said button data and said further data wirelessly to said remote game controller for said remote game controller to forward to said video game console, operation of said remote game controller by said first hand, in use, controlling at least one aspect of game play provided by said video game console, operation of said further game controller by said second hand controlling, in use, at least one further aspect of said game play provided by said video game console.
 18. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said remote game controller and said further game controller are configured for the same game player to hold in the air in different hands and operate simultaneously.
 19. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said housing is dimensioned so that in use a plurality of fingers of said second hand can rest within said concavity while (a) at least a portion of the heel of the second hand is placed in contact with the tapered curved upper surface, (b) the thumb of said second hand can operate the joystick, and (c) the index finger of said second hand can operate the at least one button.
 20. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said joystick comprises a thumbstick.
 21. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said at least one button comprises plural buttons of different sizes and shapes disposed on said forward surface.
 22. The further controller of claim 17 further comprising a cross-switch, an image sensor and a two-way transceiver provided on or in said housing.
 23. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said remote game controller also wirelessly receives data from said further game controller.
 24. The further controller of claim 17 wherein said wireless communications device comprises a radio transceiver.
 25. A handheld remote controller structured to be held in, carried by and operated by a single hand of a video game player, said handheld remote controller comprising: a housing shaped and structured so it can be held in the air by and manipulated by the game player's single hand, said housing defining a surface; an inclinable thumbstick projecting from said housing surface, said inclinable thumbstick outputting inclination data in accordance with the inclining direction of the inclinable thumbstick relative to the housing; at least one button disposed on said housing, said button generating button depression data in response to depression thereof by an index finger of said single hand; a three-axis linear acceleration sensor disposed within said housing, said three-axis linear acceleration sensor detecting linear acceleration of said housing and generating three axes of acceleration data related to posture of said housing; and a wireless transceiver operatively coupled to said inclinable thumbstick, said at least one button and said acceleration sensor, said wireless transceiver sending at least said thumbstick inclination data, said button depression data and said three axes of acceleration data over the air for use by a video game console in generating video game play, wherein, in use, at least a first aspect of said generated video game play can be controlled by said thumbstick inclination data and at least a second aspect of said generated video game play can be controlled by said linear acceleration data.
 26. A handheld controller structured to be held in, carried by and operated by a single hand of a video game player, said handheld controller comprising: a housing shaped and structured so the handheld controller can in use be held in, carried by and simultaneously manipulated by the game player's single hand, said housing defining at least one surface; an inclinable thumbstick projecting from said at least one surface of said housing, said inclinable thumbstick detecting inclination of the inclinable thumbstick relative to said at least one surface of said housing as controlled by the thumb of said single hand; plural buttons disposed on said housing, said plural buttons generating button depression data in response to depression thereof by a digit of said single hand; an inertial sensor disposed within said housing, said inertial sensor selected from the group consisting of a linear acceleration sensor and a gyrosensor, said inertial sensor detecting information related to posture of said housing; and a wireless transceiver operatively coupled to said inclinable thumbstick, said plural buttons and said inertial sensor, said wireless transceiver sending said detected thumbstick inclination, said plural button depression data and said detected housing posture related information over the air for use by a video game console in generating video game play, wherein, in use, at least a first aspect of said generated video game play can be controlled by said detected thumbstick inclination and at least a second aspect of said generated video game play can be controlled by said detected housing posture related information.
 27. The controller of claim 26 wherein said inertial sensor comprises a three-axis linear accelerometer.
 28. The controller of claim 26 wherein said inertial sensor comprises a gyro-sensor capable of directly detecting rotation or angular rate.
 29. A game controller arrangement for use with a video game console and operable by the left and right hands of a user, the game controller arrangement comprising first and second control units, the game controller arrangement comprising: a first control unit structured to be held in the air by and operated by a first hand of a user, said first control unit including: an imaging section that detects plural infrared markers and obtains marker coordinate related information therefrom, a linear accelerometer that detects linear acceleration, and a wireless transmitter that wirelessly transmits data to the video game console; and a second control unit having a housing structured to be held in the air by and operated by a second, different hand of said user, said second control unit including: a sensor that generates game-related input by sensing stimuli external to said second control unit; a joystick that generates inclination data in response to inclination thereof relative to said housing by a digit of said second hand; and a wireless transmitter that wirelessly transmits output from the sensor and the digit-operated control to said first control unit.
 30. The game controller arrangement of claim 29 wherein said second control unit sensor comprises an image sensor that senses coordinates of plural infrared markers. 